In Germany the natural radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... exposure for most of the inhabitants amounts to 1 to 6 mSv/year with an average value of 2.1 mSv/year. External radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... exposure contributes to one third, and internal radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... exposure to two thirds of the effective doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... from all natural radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... sources. The doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... due to external irradiation comes in nearly equal proportions from cosmic radiationRadiation originating directly or indirectly from extraterre..., potassium-40 and nuclides of the uraniumNatural radioactive element with the atomic number 92. The n... and thorium chain. Approximately three quarters of the effective doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... due to incorporated radionuclides is made up of radon-222 and radon-220 and in particular their short-lived decayThe spontaneous conversion of a nuclide into another nuclide... products, followed by potassium-40 and polonium-210.
| Exposure by |
Annual effective doseMeasure of a radiation effect to be indicated more precisely... in mSv |
||
| External irradiation |
Internal irradiation |
Total | |
Cosmic radiation: |
|||
| at sea level: | |||
| ionizing component | 0.23 | } 0.3 | |
| neutrons | 0.07 | ||
| at 1,000 m altitude: | |||
| ionizing component | 0.29 | } 0.44 | |
| neutrons | 0.15 | ||
Cosmogenic radionuclides |
0.02 | 0.02 | |
Primordial radionuclides: |
|||
|
0.15 | 0.17 | 0.3 |
|
|||
| U-238 -> Ra-226 | } 0.11 | 0.01 | } 1.3 |
| Rn-222 – > Po-214 | 1.10 | ||
| Pb-210 -> Po-210 | 0.12 | ||
|
|||
| Th-232 -> Ra-224 | } 0.15 | 0.02 | } 0.2 |
| Rn-220 -> Tl-208 | 0.05 | ||
Total |
0.7 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
Contributions of various sources of natural radiationEnergy dispersion through matter or space. In atomic physics... exposure in Germany